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| Food Packaging | Food Contact Material* | Typical Migrants | Typical uses |
| Plastic Foil | PET (polyethylene terephthalate) | Joghurt cup lids | |
| PE | Freezer bags, frozen poultry and ham bags, prepackaged fresh produce, food storage containers [7][8] | ||
| PVC | Shrink foil, shrink foil prepackaged meat, cheese, fruit and vegetables [8] | ||
| HDPE | Milk, dairy products [8] | ||
| Cellulose |
|
Meat packaging [8] | |
| Plastic bottle | PET (polyethylene terephthalate) | Soft drinks, CSD** (single use) [8] | |
| PC (polycarbonate) | Repeated use water bottles, baby feeding bottles [14] | ||
| PVC (polyvinylchloride) | Water and soft drink bottles (single use) [14] | ||
| Plastic trays and inserts | PVC (polyvinylchloride) | Chocolate box inserts, food trays, biscuit tins [14] | |
| PS (polystyrene) | Yoghurt, dairy product, honey, syrup and ice cream, marmalade and jam tubs and containers;trays for prepackaged meat and fruit [14] | ||
| Plastic trays(oven proof) | PET (polyethylene terephthalate) | Oven proof or microwavable food | |
| Plastic cups | PP (polypropylene) | ||
| PS (Polystyrene) | Vending cups [14] | ||
| Plastic pouches | Aluminium |
|
|
| PP (polypropylene) | Crisps, biscuits, snack foods, sugar,grains and vegetables [14] | ||
| PET | Boil in the bag food [8] |
*Layer in direct contact with food
** carbonated soft drinks
References
[1] Mutsuga, M., et al., Survey of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and oligomers in polyethylene terephthalate food-packaging materials. Food Addit Contam, 2005. 22(8):783-789.
[2] Andra, S.S. and K.C. Makris, Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals in Plastic Additives and Thyroid Health. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2012. 30(2):107-151.
[3] Begley, T.H., et al., Migration of a UV stabilizer from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into food simulants. Food Addit Contam, 2004. 21(10):1007-1014.
[4] Andra, S.S., et al., Co-leaching of brominated compounds and antimony from bottled water.Environment International, 2012. 38(1):45-53.
[5] Biedermann-Brem, S., et al., Migration of polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (POSH) into food. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2012. 29(3):449-460.
[6] Alfirevic, M., et al., Presence of nonylphenols in plastic films and their migration into food simulants. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 2011. 58(1):127-133.
[7] Kawamura, Y., et al., Determination of additives in food contact polypropylene. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, 2000. 41(2):154-161.
[8] Crompton, T.R., Additive migration from plastics into foods. A guide for analytical chemists. 2007, Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Smithers Rapra Technology Limited
[9] Benfenati, E., et al., Migration of vinyl chloride into PVC-bottled drinking-water assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem Toxicol, 1991. 29(2):131-134.
[10] Papaspyrou, S.D., et al., Determination of migration of n-butyltins and n-octyltins to food simulants by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Appl Organometal Chem, 2007. 21:412–424.
[11] Goulas, A.E., A. Kokkinos, and M.G. Kontominas, Effect of gamma-radiation on migration behaviour of dioctyladipate and acetyltributylcitrate plasticizers from food-grade PVC and PVDC/PVC films into olive oil. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch, 1995. 201(1):74-78.
[12] Petersen, J.H. and L.K. Jensen, Phthalates and food-contact materials: enforcing the 2008 European Union plastics legislation. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2010. 27(11):1608-1616.
[13] Votavova, L., et al., Migration of Nonylphenols from Polymer Packaging Materials into Food Simulants. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 2009. 27(4):293-299.
[14] Sendón García, R., et al., Revision of analytical strategies to evaluate different migrants from food packaging materials. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2006. 17(7):354-366.
[15] Bach, C., et al., Chemical compounds and toxicological assessments of drinking water stored in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles: A source of controversy reviewed. Water Res, 2012. 46(3):571-583.
[16] Schmid, P., et al., Does the reuse of PET bottles during solar water disinfection pose a health risk due to the migration of plasticisers and other chemicals into the water? Water Res, 2008. 42(20):5054-5060.
[17] Guart, A., et al., Migration of plasticizers phthalates, bisphenol A and alkylphenols from plastic containers and evaluation of risk. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2011. 28(5):676-685.
[18] Bradley, E., Nonylphenol in food contact plastics and migration into foods, F.S. Agency, Editor 2010
[19] Inoue, K., et al., Migration of 4-nonylphenol from polyvinyl chloride food packaging films into food simulants and foods. Food Addit Contam, 2001. 18(2):157-164.
[20] Ahmad, M. and A.S. Bajahlan, Leaching of styrene and other aromatic compounds in drinking water from PS bottles. J Environ Sci (China), 2007. 19(4):421-426.
[21] Choi, J.O., et al., Migration of styrene monomer, dimers and trimers from polystyrene to food simulants. Food Addit Contam, 2005. 22(7):693-699.
